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An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open copyright license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public. Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.〔(Learn More About Open Textbooks ), the Student PIRGs〕 Part of the broader open educational resources movement,〔(Open Educational Resources. ) SPARC.〕〔(Free to Learn Guide ) by Hal Plotkin. "An Open Educational Resources Policy Development Guidebook for Community College Governance Officials." (Funded by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation) Living document is open-licensed for iterative improvement. Creative Commons. 2010.〕 open textbooks increasingly are seen as a solution to challenges with traditionally published textbooks, such as access and affordability concerns.〔(Open Education Conference 2009. ) Interactive Open Textbook Panel Discussion. (Video, 1:02:08) Murugan Pal, CK12 Foundation; Eric Frank, Flat World Knowledge; Cable Green, WA State Board for Community and Technical Colleges; Barbara Illowsky, De Anza College; Steve Acker, Ohio State University.〕 Open textbooks were identified in the New Media Consortium's ''2010 Horizon Report'' as a component of the rapidly progressing adoption of open content in higher education.〔(''2010 Horizon Report, Chapter 7'' ) Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R., & Stone, S. (2010) for the New Media Consortium and the EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative. Accessed Dec 23, 2010.〕 == Usage rights == The defining difference between open textbooks and traditional textbooks is that the copyright permissions on open textbooks allow the public to freely use, adapt and distribute the material. Open textbooks either reside in the public domain or are released under an open license that grants usage rights to the public so long as the author is attributed.〔(Dramatically Bringing Down the Cost of Education with OER ) by the Center of American Progress.〕 The copyright permissions on open textbooks extend to all members of the public and cannot be rescinded.〔(About the Licenses ) by Creative Commons〕 These permissions include the right to do the following: * use the textbook freely * create and distribute copies of the textbook * adapt the textbook by revising it or combining it with other materials〔 Some open licenses limit these rights to non-commercial use or require that adapted versions be licensed the same as the original. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Open textbook」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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